Composite data types

Composite data types (CDTs) are used for storing more complex data in a structured composition in the memory.

Arrays

List ([N:t]T)

Growable array which allocated from heap to store T and the optional sentinel t, where t is T, with the minimum size of N.

Main := |_, _|
x := [1, 2, 3]
x := char['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
end

Tuples ({})

An ordered set with finite size.

Declared using {T,V,..,N}

Main := |_, _|
coordinates := {74.5, 91.4}
end

Enums

Declared using '{} notation.

Enums are both tagged numbers and sum types.

Main := |_, _|
Base := '{
  /* C++ - like tagged numbers */
  Base2 i8 := 2
  Base8 i8 := 8
  Base16 i8 := 16
  
  /* Aliasing (type of the right hand side will be used) */
  Binary := Base.Base2
  Octal := Base.Base8
  Hexadecimal := Base.Base16

  /* Sum types */
  Other u8
}

myHex := Base.Hexadecimal
end

Records

Declared using #{} notation

Records are the data types to store data in a structured composition.

Main := |_, _|
Person := #{
  name str
  age u8
  id any
  faxNumber ?str
}

Vase(T) := #{ inner: T }

/*It's not necessary to state fields unless it is necessary to write in a specific order*/
Jan := { 
  "Jan"
  20
  "8675309"
  nil
}

vaseOfi8 := Vase(i8){ 23 }
end

str

Declared using "" notation.

str is basically an immutable and internable []u8 and used for containing information in text with UTF-8 encoding.

Main := |_, _|
msg := "Hello, World!"
end